Karl.Fail

Tag: cve

  • CVE-2025-43562: Critical OS Command Injection in Adobe ColdFusion

    Overview

    On May 13, 2025, Adobe disclosed CVE-2025-43562, a critical vulnerability in its ColdFusion platform. This flaw is an OS Command Injection vulnerability categorized under CWE-78, which could allow a high-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the host operating system without user interaction. The scope of this issue is changed, meaning that the impact can extend beyond the original component.

    Vulnerability Details

    The vulnerability affects the following ColdFusion versions:

    • ColdFusion 2025.1
    • ColdFusion 2023.13
    • ColdFusion 2021.19 and earlier

    The core issue lies in the improper neutralization of special elements in user input that are used in operating system commands. An attacker with sufficient privileges can exploit this weakness to inject and execute arbitrary OS-level commands in the context of the current user, potentially leading to full system compromise.

    Technical Analysis

    This vulnerability is rated Critical with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1. The vector string is:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

    Key characteristics include:

    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: High
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed
    • Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability Impact: High

    This means that a remote attacker with high privileges can exploit the flaw over the network without user interaction, leading to complete control over affected systems and services.

    Understanding CWE-78

    CWE-78: OS Command Injection refers to scenarios where software constructs all or part of an OS command using untrusted input. Without proper sanitization, malicious input can be used to alter the command’s structure and logic, allowing arbitrary command execution. In the ColdFusion context, this could be triggered by poorly validated parameters reaching system-level functions.

    Impact and Exploitation

    Adobe’s security advisory notes that successful exploitation may result in full system takeover, data exfiltration, or service disruption. Since the vulnerability requires no user interaction and has a low attack complexity, it represents a serious threat in environments with exposed or internet-facing ColdFusion deployments.

    Recommendations

    To mitigate CVE-2025-43562, organizations should:

    • Upgrade to the latest secure versions of ColdFusion as released by Adobe.
    • Sanitize and validate all user inputs rigorously.
    • Restrict OS command functionality within ColdFusion environments where possible.
    • Limit access to administrative interfaces and monitor system activity closely.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-43562 underscores the risks posed by inadequate input neutralization and command handling. Given the critical nature and ease of exploitation, immediate patching and hardening of systems is strongly recommended to prevent exploitation and maintain security integrity.

  • CVE-2025-43560: Critical Input Validation Flaw in Adobe ColdFusion

    Overview

    On May 13, 2025, Adobe publicly disclosed CVE-2025-43560, a critical vulnerability affecting multiple versions of its ColdFusion software. The flaw involves Improper Input Validation, categorized under CWE-20. This vulnerability allows a high-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user—without any user interaction.

    Vulnerability Details

    The vulnerability affects ColdFusion versions up to and including:

    • ColdFusion 2025.1
    • ColdFusion 2023.13
    • ColdFusion 2021.19

    The root cause lies in inadequate validation of input data by ColdFusion components. Without sufficient sanitization, attackers can exploit malformed inputs to bypass security mechanisms and run unauthorized code. Given the scope change in this case, the attack can impact resources beyond the originally vulnerable component.

    Technical Analysis

    This issue is rated as Critical with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1. The vector string is:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

    Key attributes include:

    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: High
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: High

    This means that a network-based attack could be carried out by a privileged user with minimal effort, without the need for social engineering or interaction from a victim. The “Changed” scope implies that successful exploitation may affect other components or systems beyond the ColdFusion application itself.

    Understanding CWE-20

    CWE-20: Improper Input Validation refers to the failure to properly validate input data before it is processed. This can lead to security issues like injection attacks, logic flaws, or arbitrary code execution. In the context of ColdFusion, insufficient checks on input values enable attackers to craft malicious requests that slip through normal protections.

    Impact and Exploitation

    According to Adobe’s security advisory, exploitation of this vulnerability could result in total system compromise. Attackers might gain access to sensitive data, modify system behavior, or render applications unusable through denial-of-service. Given the criticality and ease of exploitation, this vulnerability poses a serious threat in enterprise environments.

    Mitigation Recommendations

    To protect against CVE-2025-43560, organizations should:

    • Upgrade ColdFusion to the latest patched version as recommended by Adobe.
    • Harden systems by limiting access to ColdFusion admin panels and interfaces.
    • Implement strict input validation at both application and server levels.
    • Monitor network and application logs for suspicious behavior.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-43560 exemplifies the critical risk posed by improper input handling. While the attack requires high privileges, the lack of complexity and potential for arbitrary code execution make it a high-priority issue. Organizations relying on ColdFusion must act swiftly to mitigate this threat.

  • CVE-2025-43563: Critical Access Control Flaw in Adobe ColdFusion

    Overview

    On May 13, 2025, Adobe disclosed a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-43563 affecting multiple versions of its ColdFusion platform. The issue stems from an Improper Access Control weakness, classified under CWE-284. This flaw allows an attacker to perform unauthorized file system reads without user interaction, putting sensitive data at risk.

    Vulnerability Details

    The vulnerability impacts ColdFusion versions up to and including:

    • ColdFusion 2025.1
    • ColdFusion 2023.13
    • ColdFusion 2021.19

    The core issue lies in the software’s failure to properly enforce access restrictions on critical file system operations. Attackers with high privileges can exploit this oversight to access or modify sensitive files, which could lead to data breaches, unauthorized disclosure, or system compromise.

    Technical Breakdown

    This vulnerability is rated as Critical with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1. The vector string is:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

    Key characteristics include:

    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: High
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed
    • Confidentiality/Integrity/Availability Impact: High

    Although the attack requires high privileges, its exploitation is trivial in complexity and does not require interaction from end users. The change in scope indicates that exploitation can affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component.

    Associated CWE

    The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-284: Improper Access Control. This class of weaknesses arises when an application fails to properly restrict access to resources based on user roles or permissions. In this case, ColdFusion fails to prevent unauthorized file access, leading to severe implications for confidentiality and integrity.

    Impact and Exploitation

    According to the Adobe security advisory, successful exploitation could result in an attacker gaining read access to arbitrary files on the file system. Such access could be used to gather credentials, configuration details, or sensitive user data. No user interaction is required, which further increases the severity of the threat in enterprise environments.

    Recommendations

    Organizations using affected ColdFusion versions should:

    • Immediately update to the latest patched version provided by Adobe.
    • Audit and monitor system logs for unusual file access behavior.
    • Restrict access to ColdFusion administrative interfaces.
    • Follow Adobe’s mitigation guidance where applicable.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-43563 represents a significant risk for organizations relying on Adobe ColdFusion for web application development. Its high severity rating, combined with the lack of required user interaction and potential for unauthorized data access, makes prompt remediation essential.

  • CVE-2025-43559: Critical Input Validation Vulnerability in Adobe ColdFusion

    Overview

    Adobe has disclosed a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-43559 affecting multiple versions of its ColdFusion platform. This vulnerability is related to Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) and impacts ColdFusion versions 2025.1, 2023.13, 2021.19 and earlier. The flaw allows for arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user, with no user interaction required.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability results from improper validation of input within ColdFusion, which can be exploited by a high-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code. This code runs in the context of the current user, potentially bypassing security mechanisms. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-20, a common issue where input received by an application is not properly validated, leading to serious consequences.

    The issue requires no user interaction and is accessible remotely over a network, making it a significant threat in exposed environments.

    CVSS Details

    The vulnerability has been rated as CRITICAL with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1. The vector string is:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

    This score reflects the following key attributes:

    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
    • Confidentiality and Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: None

    Affected Software

    • Vendor: Adobe
    • Product: ColdFusion
    • Versions Affected: 2021.19 and earlier

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    Adobe has released patches addressing this issue. Users and administrators should:

    • Update to the latest version of ColdFusion as recommended in Adobe’s official advisory.
    • Review application logic for input validation and sanitization.
    • Minimize attack surface by restricting network access to ColdFusion servers.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-43559 underscores the importance of rigorous input validation in web application platforms. Arbitrary code execution vulnerabilities, especially those exploitable remotely without user interaction, pose a major threat to enterprise security. Prompt patching and adherence to secure coding practices are essential to mitigate such risks.

  • CVE-2025-43858: Critical Command Injection in YoutubeDLSharp on Windows

    Overview

    CVE-2025-43858 is a critical vulnerability discovered in YoutubeDLSharp, a .NET wrapper around the popular command-line video downloaders youtube-dl and yt-dlp. This issue affects versions from 1.0.0-beta4 to prior to 1.1.2 and allows for command injection on Windows systems under specific conditions.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-77 and CWE-78, which refer to improper neutralization of special elements in command inputs. Specifically, YoutubeDLSharp passes arguments to yt-dlp without proper sanitization when executed via the command prompt on Windows.

    This behavior becomes critical due to the use of the UseWindowsEncodingWorkaround flag, which is set to true by default. Users invoking built-in methods from YoutubeDL.cs cannot override this setting, making them especially vulnerable. As a result, a malicious input could trigger unintended command execution, potentially compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the target system.

    CVSS Score and Severity

    The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.2, classifying it as CRITICAL. The vector string is:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L

    This indicates that the attack can be carried out locally with low complexity, no privileges, and no user interaction, while resulting in high impact on confidentiality and integrity.

    Affected Versions

    • Product: YoutubeDLSharp
    • Vendor: Bluegrams
    • Versions Affected: >= 1.0.0-beta4 and < 1.1.2

    Mitigation

    The vulnerability has been addressed in version 1.1.2. All users of affected versions should:

    • Upgrade to v1.1.2 immediately
    • Review usage of built-in command execution methods in their implementations
    • Avoid relying on defaults that obscure execution context or encoding behavior

    References

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-43858 highlights the risks of executing command-line utilities without stringent input validation. Developers embedding third-party tools like yt-dlp should ensure that all input is carefully sanitized to avoid introducing critical security flaws. Updating to the latest version is essential for maintaining a secure software environment.

  • CVE-2025-29827: Critical Privilege Escalation in Azure Automation

    Overview

    On May 8, 2025, Microsoft disclosed a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-29827 in Azure Automation, a cloud-based service that allows users to automate management tasks across Azure and non-Azure environments. The issue is categorized as an Elevation of Privilege (EoP) vulnerability resulting from Improper Authorization, tracked under CWE-285.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability stems from improper authorization mechanisms within Azure Automation. An attacker who already has limited access to the service could potentially exploit this flaw to escalate privileges over the network. According to the CVSS v3.1 scoring, the vulnerability received a critical base score of 9.9, indicating a severe risk due to its:

    • Attack Vector (AV): Network
    • Attack Complexity (AC): Low
    • Privileges Required (PR): Low
    • User Interaction (UI): None
    • Scope (S): Changed
    • Confidentiality (C): High
    • Integrity (I): High
    • Availability (A): Low

    The vulnerability is exploitable under certain conditions, but its impact could be total if leveraged successfully.

    Understanding CWE-285: Improper Authorization

    CWE-285 refers to a class of vulnerabilities where the software fails to perform proper checks before granting access to protected resources. In this case, Azure Automation incorrectly validates the identity or role of the requestor, enabling privilege escalation even for lower-tier users.

    Impacted Software

    The affected product is:

    • Microsoft Azure Automation — all versions listed as “N/A” are impacted

    The issue affects unknown platforms, and Microsoft has marked the service as vulnerable without disclosing specific versions. Users and administrators of Azure Automation should consult the official advisory and ensure that patches or mitigation steps are applied immediately.

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    Microsoft has released guidance and updates addressing CVE-2025-29827. Customers are urged to:

    • Apply all relevant security updates from the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC).
    • Review and audit Automation account permissions and role assignments.
    • Limit the use of automation credentials and restrict access to automation runbooks.

    Organizations leveraging Azure Automation in production or sensitive environments should prioritize remediation and continue to monitor Microsoft security advisories for further developments.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-29827 serves as a critical reminder of the risks associated with cloud automation tools and the importance of enforcing strict access controls. While the vulnerability requires low privileges to exploit, its potential for damage is high due to inadequate authorization validation. Admins must act quickly to mitigate the risk and ensure the security of automated workflows in Azure.

  • CVE-2025-29813: Critical Privilege Escalation in Azure DevOps Server

    Overview

    On May 8, 2025, Microsoft disclosed CVE-2025-29813, a critical elevation of privilege vulnerability affecting Azure DevOps Server. The vulnerability has been assigned a maximum CVSS score of 10.0, indicating its severity and potential impact. This flaw allows an unauthorized attacker to gain elevated privileges over a network through an authentication bypass mechanism.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-302: Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data. This class of vulnerability arises when systems trust data that is presumed immutable—such as identity claims or tokens—without adequate verification. In the context of Azure DevOps Server, the system failed to validate these identity claims properly, enabling attackers to spoof identities and escalate their privileges.

    The root cause lies in the handling of spoofable identity claims. Attackers who can craft these claims and inject them into a session may assume elevated roles or access levels that should not be available to them. Since the vulnerability is network-exploitable and does not require user interaction or prior authentication, it significantly raises the risk profile.

    What Is CVSS 3.1?

    The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) provides a standardized method for rating the severity of security vulnerabilities. In this case, the vulnerability scored 10.0 (CRITICAL) under CVSS 3.1. The vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H breaks down as follows:

    • AV:N – Attack vector is network-based
    • AC:L – Low attack complexity
    • PR:N – No privileges required
    • UI:N – No user interaction
    • S:C – Scope change occurs
    • C:H/I:H/A:H – High impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability

    These factors combine to reflect a worst-case scenario for enterprise environments relying on Azure DevOps Server.

    Impacted Systems

    The vulnerability affects all versions of Microsoft Azure DevOps Server as no specific version was excluded in the disclosure. This includes self-hosted installations that may not benefit from automatic security patches.

    Recommended Mitigations

    • Apply official patches or updates released by Microsoft as soon as they become available.
    • Audit identity and access management policies to detect unusual privilege escalations.
    • Monitor network traffic for signs of spoofed identity tokens.
    • Restrict access to Azure DevOps interfaces from untrusted networks.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-29813 exemplifies the critical risks posed by improperly validated authentication data. Enterprises using Azure DevOps Server must act swiftly to mitigate this vulnerability and reinforce trust boundaries in their identity systems.

    For more details, see Microsoft’s official advisory: CVE-2025-29813.

  • CVE-2025-29972: Critical SSRF Vulnerability in Azure Storage Resource Provider

    Critical SSRF Flaw Discovered in Azure Storage Resource Provider

    On May 8, 2025, Microsoft disclosed a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-29972, impacting the Azure Storage Resource Provider (SRP). This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) across the network, potentially enabling spoofing attacks in affected cloud environments.

    What is SSRF?

    Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is a security flaw where an attacker can force a server to make HTTP requests to internal or external systems on their behalf. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive services, token leaks, or privilege escalation, especially in cloud environments with metadata endpoints or internal APIs.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability resides in Azure’s SRP service and arises when an authenticated user sends specially crafted network requests that trick the service into sending spoofed responses or requests. Although the user must be authorized, no user interaction is required, and the attack can be performed remotely.

    The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF).

    CVSS v3.1 Score

    The issue has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.9 (CRITICAL) with the following vector:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

    This score reflects:

    • Attack Vector: Network – remotely exploitable
    • Attack Complexity: Low – requires no specialized conditions
    • Privileges Required: Low – attacker must be authenticated
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed – impacts components beyond the vulnerable one
    • Impact on Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability: High

    Affected Systems

    The Azure Storage Resource Provider is a component within the Azure ecosystem that manages and orchestrates storage resources such as blobs, files, and queues. While specific version identifiers were not disclosed, Microsoft has confirmed the issue affects the SRP service in its hosted environments.

    Mitigation

    Microsoft has issued guidance and mitigation steps via its security advisory. Cloud administrators should:

    • Review the official Microsoft advisory
    • Apply available patches or configuration changes
    • Restrict overly permissive user roles
    • Monitor access logs for unusual internal network requests

    References

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-29972 presents a critical risk in Microsoft Azure environments due to the nature of SSRF vulnerabilities. Although exploitation requires authentication, the low complexity and high impact make immediate action essential. Organizations should take swift steps to validate protections and follow vendor recommendations.

  • CVE-2025-29922: Unauthorized Object Manipulation via APIExport in kcp Virtual Workspaces

    Critical Authorization Flaw in kcp’s APIExport VirtualWorkspace

    On March 20, 2025, a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-29922 was disclosed in kcp, a Kubernetes-like control plane framework developed by kcp-dev. This flaw allows unauthorized users to create or delete objects across arbitrary workspaces via the APIExport VirtualWorkspace.

    Understanding the Vulnerability

    kcp provides flexible workspace-based API management for workloads beyond standard Kubernetes clusters. A core security mechanism involves workspace owners explicitly granting API access via an APIBinding.

    However, due to improper authorization logic (categorized as CWE-285: Improper Authorization), any user with low privileges could exploit the APIExport VirtualWorkspace interface to:

    • Create objects in any target workspace
    • Delete existing resources in unauthorized workspaces

    This could occur even when:

    • No APIBinding exists in the target workspace
    • The workspace owner explicitly rejected the permission claim

    Effectively, this bypasses the entire access control model meant to protect kcp environments.

    CVSS Score and Impact

    The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.6 (CRITICAL), using the following vector:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

    Key factors contributing to this score include:

    • Attack Vector: Network – can be exploited remotely
    • Attack Complexity: Low – simple to execute
    • Privileges Required: Low – minimal access required
    • Scope: Changed – affects broader system beyond vulnerable component
    • Confidentiality & Integrity Impact: High – unauthorized data manipulation is possible
    • Availability Impact: None – system stability remains intact

    Remediation

    The issue has been patched in kcp versions 0.26.3 and 0.27.0. All users should:

    • Upgrade to a patched version immediately
    • Review and audit APIExport usage and bindings
    • Validate workspace access configurations

    There is currently no evidence of public exploitation, but the impact is severe if left unpatched.

    References

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-29922 exposes a critical breakdown in authorization controls within kcp. Organizations relying on kcp for API-based service control should prioritize applying updates and verifying their permission models. This vulnerability highlights the importance of robust authorization enforcement in distributed systems.

  • CVE-2025-22224: Critical TOCTOU Vulnerability in VMware ESXi and Workstation

    Critical TOCTOU Vulnerability Discovered in VMware ESXi and Workstation

    On March 4, 2025, VMware disclosed a high-impact vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-22224, affecting multiple versions of VMware ESXi, Workstation, VMware Cloud Foundation, and Telco Cloud Platform. The vulnerability arises from a Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition that results in an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. This allows local attackers with administrative privileges within a virtual machine to execute code on the host system.

    Understanding TOCTOU and the Vulnerability

    TOCTOU (Time-of-Check Time-of-Use) is a type of race condition where a system checks a resource for safety, but conditions change before the resource is used. This can be exploited to gain unauthorized access or modify memory in unsafe ways.

    In this case, the TOCTOU flaw leads to a heap overflow, allowing an attacker with local administrative privileges inside a virtual machine to cause an out-of-bounds write. The payload executes as the virtual machine’s VMX process—potentially compromising the host itself.

    CVSS Details

    The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.3 (CRITICAL), with the following vector:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

    This breakdown highlights the seriousness of the issue:

    • Attack Vector: Local – requires access to the VM
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None (within guest VM)
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed – host compromise from guest
    • Impact on Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability: High

    Affected Products and Versions

    The following VMware products are affected:

    • ESXi 7.0 versions before 7.0U3s-24585291
    • ESXi 8.0 versions before 8.0U2d-24585300 and 8.0U3d-24585383
    • Workstation 17.x versions before 17.6.3
    • VMware Cloud Foundation 5.x and 4.5.x
    • Telco Cloud Platform 5.x, 4.x, 3.x, 2.x
    • Telco Cloud Infrastructure 3.x, 2.x

    Exploitation and Mitigation

    According to CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, active exploitation is ongoing. Organizations must act urgently to:

    • Apply the latest VMware patches
    • Limit administrative access on guest VMs
    • Isolate high-risk workloads

    No user interaction is needed for exploitation, and the attack does not require elevated guest privileges, increasing its risk in shared environments.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-22224 is a severe vulnerability with real-world exploitation, underlining the importance of securing hypervisor environments. VMware users should immediately verify their systems and apply vendor-recommended updates.

    References