Karl.Fail

Tag: cwe-20

  • Critical Input Validation Vulnerability in macOS (CVE-2025-30452)

    A critical vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-30452, has been identified in Apple’s macOS operating system. The flaw arises from an input validation issue that could lead to exploitation if not addressed. This issue affects macOS versions prior to 15.4 and has been fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, and macOS Sonoma 14.7.5.

    Details of the Vulnerability

    The issue stems from improper input validation checks in macOS. Attackers could exploit this vulnerability by providing malicious input, which could cause unintended behavior, including potential unauthorized access to system resources. The vulnerability was addressed by Apple with improved validation checks in the latest updates.

    This vulnerability is categorized as CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation), meaning that the affected systems failed to properly validate input, leading to potential exploitation.

    CVSS Score and Impact

    The CVSS v3.1 score for CVE-2025-30452 is 9.8, indicating a critical vulnerability. The CVSS vector string is: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, which indicates the following:

    • Attack Vector (AV): Network – The vulnerability can be exploited remotely.
    • Attack Complexity (AC): Low – The exploit does not require complex conditions.
    • Privileges Required (PR): None – No special privileges are needed to exploit the vulnerability.
    • User Interaction (UI): None – The exploit can occur without user interaction.
    • Confidentiality Impact (C): High – Sensitive data could be accessed by the attacker.
    • Integrity Impact (I): High – The attacker can alter critical system data.
    • Availability Impact (A): High – The attacker could cause disruptions to system availability.

    Mitigation

    Apple has addressed the issue with improved validation checks in the latest system updates. Users are strongly advised to update their macOS devices to macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, or macOS Sonoma 14.7.5 to mitigate the risk and secure their devices against this critical vulnerability.

    For more information, refer to Apple’s security update page: Apple Security Updates

    Conclusion

    The CVE-2025-30452 vulnerability underscores the importance of proper input validation to prevent unauthorized access and exploitation. Apple users are strongly encouraged to update their devices immediately to protect against potential risks.

  • Critical Improper Input Validation Vulnerability in Adobe ColdFusion (CVE-2025-24446)

    Overview

    Adobe ColdFusion has been found vulnerable to an Improper Input Validation issue, tracked as CVE-2025-24446. This vulnerability affects ColdFusion versions 2023.12, 2021.18, 2025.0 and earlier. Exploitation allows an attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary code remotely without any user interaction.

    Technical Details

    This flaw is categorized under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation. The core issue lies in the failure to properly sanitize input data, which can be exploited to execute arbitrary code within the context of the application. Although user interaction is not required, admin panel privileges are necessary to leverage this vulnerability.

    CVSS Score and Severity

    According to the CVSS v3.1 scoring system, this vulnerability has a base score of 9.1, labeled as Critical. The CVSS vector is:

    • CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: High
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed
    • Impact on Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability: High

    Affected Versions

    • Adobe ColdFusion 2025.0 and earlier
    • Adobe ColdFusion 2023.12
    • Adobe ColdFusion 2021.18

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    Adobe has released updates to address this vulnerability. Organizations using affected versions should:

    • Apply the latest ColdFusion security updates immediately.
    • Restrict administrative access to trusted users and internal networks only.
    • Monitor ColdFusion servers for unusual behavior or unauthorized access.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-24446 highlights the ongoing importance of input validation in web applications. Despite the need for admin privileges, the lack of user interaction combined with the critical severity makes this a high-priority issue for all ColdFusion users.

    For more details, refer to the Adobe Security Bulletin.

  • Critical RCE Vulnerability in Tauri Plugin Shell (CVE-2025-31477)

    Overview

    A critical security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-31477, has been discovered in the Tauri Plugin Shell, specifically affecting the open endpoint. This flaw allows improper scope validation, enabling the execution of dangerous protocols that can lead to remote code execution (RCE).

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability is rooted in CWE-20: Improper Input Validation. In affected versions prior to 2.2.1, the open endpoint fails to properly restrict supported protocols. Although it was intended to only permit safe protocols like https:// or mailto:, it mistakenly allowed others such as file://, smb://, or nfs://. When untrusted user input is passed to this endpoint, these protocols may be triggered, allowing arbitrary file access or command execution through the system’s registered protocol handler.

    Severity and Exploitation

    The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3 (Critical), reflecting its high potential impact:

    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Impact: High (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability)

    This issue can be exploited either by exposing the vulnerable endpoint to users directly or by executing malicious code in the frontend of a Tauri application.

    Affected Versions

    • All versions of tauri-plugin-shell prior to 2.2.1

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    This vulnerability has been fixed in version 2.2.1. It is strongly recommended that all users of the Tauri shell plugin:

    • Upgrade to v2.2.1 or later immediately
    • Restrict usage of the open endpoint to trusted inputs
    • Audit frontend code to avoid execution of user-controlled inputs

    References

  • CVE-2025-43560: Critical Input Validation Flaw in Adobe ColdFusion

    Overview

    On May 13, 2025, Adobe publicly disclosed CVE-2025-43560, a critical vulnerability affecting multiple versions of its ColdFusion software. The flaw involves Improper Input Validation, categorized under CWE-20. This vulnerability allows a high-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user—without any user interaction.

    Vulnerability Details

    The vulnerability affects ColdFusion versions up to and including:

    • ColdFusion 2025.1
    • ColdFusion 2023.13
    • ColdFusion 2021.19

    The root cause lies in inadequate validation of input data by ColdFusion components. Without sufficient sanitization, attackers can exploit malformed inputs to bypass security mechanisms and run unauthorized code. Given the scope change in this case, the attack can impact resources beyond the originally vulnerable component.

    Technical Analysis

    This issue is rated as Critical with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1. The vector string is:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

    Key attributes include:

    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: High
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed
    • Confidentiality Impact: High
    • Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: High

    This means that a network-based attack could be carried out by a privileged user with minimal effort, without the need for social engineering or interaction from a victim. The “Changed” scope implies that successful exploitation may affect other components or systems beyond the ColdFusion application itself.

    Understanding CWE-20

    CWE-20: Improper Input Validation refers to the failure to properly validate input data before it is processed. This can lead to security issues like injection attacks, logic flaws, or arbitrary code execution. In the context of ColdFusion, insufficient checks on input values enable attackers to craft malicious requests that slip through normal protections.

    Impact and Exploitation

    According to Adobe’s security advisory, exploitation of this vulnerability could result in total system compromise. Attackers might gain access to sensitive data, modify system behavior, or render applications unusable through denial-of-service. Given the criticality and ease of exploitation, this vulnerability poses a serious threat in enterprise environments.

    Mitigation Recommendations

    To protect against CVE-2025-43560, organizations should:

    • Upgrade ColdFusion to the latest patched version as recommended by Adobe.
    • Harden systems by limiting access to ColdFusion admin panels and interfaces.
    • Implement strict input validation at both application and server levels.
    • Monitor network and application logs for suspicious behavior.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-43560 exemplifies the critical risk posed by improper input handling. While the attack requires high privileges, the lack of complexity and potential for arbitrary code execution make it a high-priority issue. Organizations relying on ColdFusion must act swiftly to mitigate this threat.

  • CVE-2025-43559: Critical Input Validation Vulnerability in Adobe ColdFusion

    Overview

    Adobe has disclosed a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-43559 affecting multiple versions of its ColdFusion platform. This vulnerability is related to Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) and impacts ColdFusion versions 2025.1, 2023.13, 2021.19 and earlier. The flaw allows for arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user, with no user interaction required.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability results from improper validation of input within ColdFusion, which can be exploited by a high-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code. This code runs in the context of the current user, potentially bypassing security mechanisms. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-20, a common issue where input received by an application is not properly validated, leading to serious consequences.

    The issue requires no user interaction and is accessible remotely over a network, making it a significant threat in exposed environments.

    CVSS Details

    The vulnerability has been rated as CRITICAL with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1. The vector string is:

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

    This score reflects the following key attributes:

    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Unchanged
    • Confidentiality and Integrity Impact: High
    • Availability Impact: None

    Affected Software

    • Vendor: Adobe
    • Product: ColdFusion
    • Versions Affected: 2021.19 and earlier

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    Adobe has released patches addressing this issue. Users and administrators should:

    • Update to the latest version of ColdFusion as recommended in Adobe’s official advisory.
    • Review application logic for input validation and sanitization.
    • Minimize attack surface by restricting network access to ColdFusion servers.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-43559 underscores the importance of rigorous input validation in web application platforms. Arbitrary code execution vulnerabilities, especially those exploitable remotely without user interaction, pose a major threat to enterprise security. Prompt patching and adherence to secure coding practices are essential to mitigate such risks.

  • CVE-2025-29814: Critical Privilege Escalation in Microsoft Partner Center

    Overview

    On March 21, 2025, Microsoft disclosed a critical security vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-29814 in the Microsoft Partner Center. This flaw allows an authorized attacker to escalate privileges across a network due to improper authorization mechanisms.

    The issue has been categorized under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.3, classifying it as a critical vulnerability.

    What is Microsoft Partner Center?

    The Microsoft Partner Center is an administrative platform for managing partner relationships, customer subscriptions, and billing across Microsoft services. It serves as a central hub for service provisioning, making it a high-value target for attackers seeking to exploit privilege escalation weaknesses.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability stems from improper authorization validation in the Microsoft Partner Center API. While exact implementation details are not public, Microsoft has confirmed that an attacker with basic access rights can exploit the flaw to gain elevated privileges on the system. This allows for actions typically reserved for higher-privilege accounts, such as administrative functions.

    • CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H
    • Severity: Critical (9.3)
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Privileges Required: None
    • User Interaction: Required
    • Scope: Changed
    • Impact: High on integrity and availability

    Understanding CVSS 3.1 Metrics

    The CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) is a framework used to assess the severity of software vulnerabilities. This CVE’s high score of 9.3 indicates significant potential for damage if exploited, especially considering the ease of exploitation (low complexity) and the absence of required privileges.

    Security Classification: CWE-20

    CWE-20 refers to Improper Input Validation, where an application does not properly check the inputs it receives. In this case, failure to validate authorization credentials allows privilege escalation. This is a common and dangerous class of vulnerability due to its potential to affect system-wide security.

    Exploitation Status and Impact

    According to CISA’s SSVC (Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization), exploitation of this vulnerability had not been observed at the time of disclosure. However, the technical impact is rated as total, emphasizing the urgency for mitigation.

    While the flaw is in a cloud-hosted platform, system administrators and partners relying on Microsoft Partner Center should apply any available patches or mitigations immediately and audit account activity for suspicious behavior.

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    • Follow Microsoft’s official advisory for updates: CVE-2025-29814 Advisory
    • Enable monitoring and alerting on all administrative activity
    • Review user access privileges and implement the principle of least privilege
    • Apply available patches or updates provided by Microsoft

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-29814 highlights the critical importance of proper authorization in cloud service platforms. The potential for widespread privilege escalation demands immediate attention from affected organizations. Stay vigilant and prioritize timely updates and access control reviews.

  • CVE-2025-47283: Critical Privilege Escalation in Gardener Kubernetes Management

    Overview

    On May 19, 2025, a critical vulnerability was disclosed in the Gardener Kubernetes cluster management platform. Identified as CVE-2025-47283, the flaw permits privilege escalation by bypassing project secret validation, potentially allowing a project administrator to gain unauthorized access to the seed cluster(s) responsible for managing shoot clusters.

    This vulnerability is tracked under GHSA-3hw7-qj9h-r835 and has been rated as Critical with a CVSS v3.0 base score of 9.9.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability stems from improper input validation, categorized under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation. This means that user-supplied data is not properly checked before being processed, allowing potentially malicious input to influence system behavior.

    In the context of Gardener, an administrative user within a project could manipulate secrets associated with their cluster to influence the behavior of the gardenlet component running on the seed cluster. This manipulation enables them to elevate privileges and execute operations outside their intended scope.

    Impact

    This flaw impacts all Gardener installations regardless of the public cloud provider used for the seed or shoot clusters. Exploitation could allow:

    • Unauthorized control over seed clusters
    • Compromise of other tenant clusters
    • Loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability within the Kubernetes management infrastructure

    The vulnerability has a Changed Scope in the CVSS vector, indicating that an attacker’s access could impact components beyond the initially vulnerable system.

    Affected Versions

    The following versions of gardener/gardener are affected:

    • All versions prior to 1.116.4
    • Versions 1.117.0 through 1.117.4
    • Versions 1.118.0 through 1.118.1

    Mitigation

    Users are strongly advised to upgrade to one of the following patched versions:

    • 1.116.4
    • 1.117.5
    • 1.118.2
    • 1.119.0 or later

    Upgrading ensures that project secret validation is enforced correctly, preventing unauthorized privilege escalation within the system.

    Understanding the Terms

    Gardener is an open-source project developed by SAP that enables the automated management of Kubernetes clusters at scale. It introduces the concept of shoot clusters (end-user Kubernetes clusters) and seed clusters (infrastructure clusters that host shoot clusters).

    CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) provides a numerical score to indicate the severity of a vulnerability. A score of 9.9 indicates an extremely high risk, especially when no user interaction is required and the attack can be performed remotely.

    CWE-20 represents a category of vulnerabilities arising from improper input validation, a common flaw that can lead to injection, escalation, or arbitrary code execution.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-47283 highlights the importance of strict input validation and the risks posed by misconfigured secrets in Kubernetes management platforms. Organizations using Gardener should patch immediately and review their cluster access policies to ensure secure multi-tenancy.

  • CVE-2025-47282: Critical Privilege Escalation in Gardener External DNS Management

    Overview

    A critical security vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-47282 has been disclosed in Gardener External DNS Management, affecting all versions prior to 0.23.6. This flaw allows users with specific administrative privileges to escalate privileges and potentially gain control over seed clusters in Kubernetes environments. The issue is rated with a CVSS v3.0 score of 9.9 (Critical).

    What is Gardener External DNS Management?

    Gardener is a Kubernetes-based system for managing Kubernetes clusters across multiple infrastructures. Its external-dns-management component handles DNS entries for shoot clusters and may also be deployed to seed clusters via the gardener-extension-shoot-dns-service extension.

    Technical Details

    The vulnerability arises from improper input validation (CWE-20). Specifically, a malicious Google credential embedded in a DNS secret can be used by an attacker to inject unintended configurations, potentially allowing the attacker to take over the seed cluster hosting the shoot cluster.

    This applies to users who have administrative privileges over:

    • A Gardener project
    • A shoot cluster
    • A single namespace within a shoot cluster

    If the shoot-dns-service extension is enabled, then all versions ≤ v1.60.0 of this extension are also affected.

    CVSS Breakdown

    CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    • Attack Vector: Network
    • Attack Complexity: Low
    • Privileges Required: Low
    • User Interaction: None
    • Scope: Changed
    • Confidentiality/Integrity/Availability Impact: High

    Affected Components

    The following components are impacted:

    • gardener/external-dns-management < version 0.23.6
    • gardener-extension-shoot-dns-service ≤ v1.60.0

    Mitigation

    • Upgrade external-dns-management to version 0.23.6 or later.
    • If using the shoot-dns-service extension, ensure you are using a version later than v1.60.0.
    • Review permissions and secrets to identify possible abuse vectors.

    Conclusion

    This vulnerability underscores the need for strict input validation in infrastructure components and careful handling of credentials in DNS secrets. Administrators should patch their installations immediately to mitigate the risk of privilege escalation in Gardener-managed Kubernetes clusters.

    For more details, refer to the official GitHub advisory.